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Academy at Dundee Ranch was a behavior modification facility for United States teenagers, located on La Ceiba Cascajal, west of Orotina, province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. It was promoted as a residential school, offering a program of behavior modification, motivational "emotional growth seminars," a progressive academic curriculum, and a structured daily schedule, for teenagers struggling in their homes, schools, or communities.〔(Academy at Dundee Ranch website ), accessed January 31, 2007, archived December 23, 2007.〕 The facility was associated with World Wide Association of Specialty Programs and Schools (WWASP).〔 In May 2003, authorities in Costa Rica shut down due to claims of child abuse, and investigated the school and its managers. A new WWASP facility called Pillars of Hope was opened at the site of Academy at Dundee Ranch in 2004.〔(Program Overview ), Pillars of Hope website. "The setting of Pillars of Hope was first established in 1991 as Dundee Ranch Hotel Adventure Resort."〕 ==Controversy== During its operation, Dundee Ranch was the subject of multiple allegations of abuse. Parents and enrollees claimed that food being withheld as punishment.〔(Dundee Ranch: Riots at Costa Rica school for troubled young Americans raises questions about programs ), ''Inside Costa Rica'', 17 June 2003.〕 Former students complained of emotional scars due to their stay there.〔(Desperate steps, dark journey ), ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel''〕 A judgment in Louisiana caused Costa Rican authorities to investigate the facilities.〔(Officials to Investigate 'Tough Love' Facility Here (The Tico Times) )〕 A riot occurred at the facility in May 2003,〔(Rioting, escapes put teen facility under scrutiny (Miami Herald-News from Babylon) )〕〔(Tough love school sent to timeout (Inside Costa Rica, June 2003) )〕 leading to its closure. The Costa Rican immigration authorities found that 100 of the 193 children enrolled in the program did not have appropriate migration papers.〔(Dundee Ranch owner rips police after his acquittal ), ''A.M. Costa Rica'', Vol. 7, No. 39, Feb. 23, 2007〕 Due to the closure U.S. Representative George Miller asked U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft to investigate WWASP.〔(U.S. Federal Probe of WWASP Requested ), The Tico Times, November 5, 2003)〕 Narvin Lichfield, who was the director at the time of the facility's closure, was jailed in Costa Rica for a brief period at the time of the closure. He was later tried in Costa Rica on charges of coercion, holding minors against their will, and "crimes of an international character" (violating a law based on international treaties, specifically referring to torture). On February 21, 2007 a three-judge panel found Narvin Lichfield innocent of the charges of abuse. During the trial the prosecutor told the court that there was insufficient evidence and testimony to link Lichfield to the crimes for which he was accused. ''The Tico Times'' reported that the judges said they believed the students at Dundee had been abused, but there was no proof that that Lichfield ordered the abuse.〔Lealand Baxter Neal, (Lichfield Declared Innocent ), Tico Times - Daily News〕 Three other Academy employees, all Jamaicans, had been wanted in connection with the same case, but they fled Costa Rica following the closure of the Academy.〔Leland Baxter-Neal, (Tough-Love’ Camp Owner Faces Trial ), ''The Tico Times'', July 2006.〕 Following the acquittal, Lichfield claimed in an e-mail to ''A.M. Costa Rica'' that when the school was raided, police stood by and watched youths sexually assault each other, that police held parents and staff at gunpoint and that one parent was ordered at gunpoint to hang up the phone when she attempted to phone the U.S. Embassy for help, and that police left the school in a shambles.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Academy at Dundee Ranch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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